Tsarin AI Mai Dorewa: Haɗa Abubuwan Muhalli cikin Gudanar da Fasaha

1. Gabatarwa

Wannan takarda tana magance babban gibi a cikin tattaunawar tsarin AI ta hanyar mai da hankali kan dorewar muhalli na AI da fasaha. Yayin da dokoki na yanzu kamar GDPR da Dokar EU AI ke magance matsalolin sirri da aminci, galibi suna yin watsi da tasirin muhalli. Takardar tana ba da shawarar haɗa abubuwan dorewa cikin tsarin fasaha ta hanyoyi uku masu mahimmanci: sake fassara dokokin da suka wanzu, matakan manufofi don daidaita tsarin AI da manufofin muhalli, da tsawaita tsarin zuwa wasu fasahohi masu tasiri mai girma.

2. AI da Dorewa

2.1 AI da Hadurran AI na Al'ada

Hadurran AI na al'ada suna mai da hankali kan take hakkin sirri, nuna bambanci, matsalolin aminci, da gibin alhaki. Waɗannan sun kasance manyan abubuwan damuwa a cikin dokoki kamar GDPR da Dokar EU AI da aka tsara.

2.2 Hadurran Muhalli

2.2.1 Alkawuran Rage Dumamar Duniya

AI tana ba da fa'idodi masu yuwuwa ga dorewar muhalli ta hanyar inganta hanyoyin wutar lantarki, noma mai hikima, da ƙirar yanayi.

2.2.2 Gudunmawar ICT da AI ga Canjin Yanayi

Manyan samfuran AI kamar ChatGPT, GPT-4, da Gemini suna da gagarumin tasiri na muhalli. Horar da GPT-3 ya ɗauki kusan MWh 1,287 na wutar lantarki kuma ya haifar da tan 552 na CO₂ daidai.

Ƙididdiga Tasirin Muhalli

Horar da AI na iya cinye har zuwa kWh 284,000 na wutar lantarki

Amfani da ruwa don sanyaya cibiyoyin bayanai na AI na iya kai miliyoyin lita kowace rana

Hayakin Carbon daga AI yana kama da masana'antar mota a wasu yankuna

3. AI Mai Dorewa a Ƙarƙashin Dokar EU ta Yanzu da Wacce aka Tsara

3.1 Dokar Muhalli

3.1.1 Tsarin Cinayayyar Fitar da Hayaki na EU

EU ETS a halin yanzu ba ta rufe hayakin AI kai tsaye ba, amma ana iya tsawaita ta don haɗa da cibiyoyin bayanai da ababen more rayuwa na AI.

3.1.2 Umarnin Tsarin Ruwa

Amfani da ruwa ta tsarin AI, musamman don sanyaya cibiyoyin bayanai, ana iya kayyade su a ƙarƙashin tsarin kariyar ruwa.

3.2 GDPR

3.2.1 Muhimman Manufa da Dalilai

3.2.1.1 Farashin Muhalli Kai Tsaye

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da amfani da makamashi da fitar da hayaki daga ayyukan sarrafa bayanai a cikin kimantawar muhimman manufa.

3.2.1.2 Farashin Muhalli Kai Tsaye

Bukatun ababen more rayuwa da tasirin sarkar wadata na tsarin AI suna ba da gudunmawa ga mafi girman tasirin muhalli.

3.2.2 Muhimman Manufa na Ɗayan Ƙungiya a cikin Gwajin Daidaitawa

Ya kamata a auna muhimman manufa na muhalli na ɗayan ƙungiya da na gaba a cikin gwaje-gwajen daidaitawa na GDPR don sarrafa bayanai.

3.3 Haƙƙoƙin Kai da Farashin Muhalli

3.3.1 Sharewa da Dorewa

Haƙƙin sharewa a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 17 GDPR na iya cin karo da dorewa lokacin da share bayanai ke buƙatar sake sarrafa makamashi mai yawa.

3.3.2 Bayyana Gaskiya da Dorewa

Manyan buƙatun bayyana gaskiya na iya haifar da ƙarin kashe kuɗi na lissafi da farashin muhalli.

3.3.3 Rashin Bambanci da Dorewa

Algorithms masu amfani da makamashi na iya haifar da son kai waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaitawa mai kyau tare da manufofin dorewa.

3.4 Dokar EU AI

3.4.1 Alkawuran Son Rai

Tanade-tanaden na yanzu sun dogara sosai akan rahoton dorewa na son rai daga masu samar da AI.

3.4.2 Gyare-gyaren Majalisar Tarayyar Turai

Gyare-gyaren da aka tsara sun haɗa da tilas kima tasirin muhalli don tsarin AI masu haɗari.

4. Bincike na Fasaha

Ana iya ƙididdige tasirin muhalli na samfuran AI ta amfani da ma'auni masu zuwa:

Fitar da Carbon: $CE = E \times CF$ inda $E$ shine amfani da makamashi kuma $CF$ shine ƙarfin carbon

Amfani da ruwa: $WU = C \times WUE$ inda $C$ shine buƙatar sanyaya kuma $WUE$ shine ingancin amfani da ruwa

Ingancin lissafi: $\eta = \frac{P}{E}$ inda $P$ shine aiki kuma $E$ shine makamashi da aka cinye

Bisa ga binciken Strubell et al. (2019) a cikin "Makamashi da La'akari da Manufofi don Zurfin Koyo a cikin NLP," horar da samfurin mai canzawa guda ɗaya tare da binciken gine-ginen jijiya na iya fitar da har zuwa fam 626,155 na CO₂ daidai.

5. Sakamakon Gwaji

Binciken kwanan nan ya nuna manyan farashin muhalli na manyan samfuran AI:

Ginshiƙi: Kwatanta Tasirin Muhalli na Samfurin AI

GPT-3: tan 552 CO₂, lita 700,000 ruwa

BERT Base: lb 1,400 CO₂, lita 1,200 ruwa

ResNet-50: lb 100 CO₂, lita 800 ruwa

Transformer: lb 85 CO₂, lita 650 ruwa

Waɗannan sakamakon suna nuna haɓakar haɓakar tasirin muhalli tare da girman samfurin da rikitarwa. Amfani da ruwa don sanyaya cibiyoyin bayanai na AI a yankunan da ke fama da matsin lamba na ruwa yana haifar da damuwa musamman ga yanayin muhalli da al'ummomin gida.

6. Aiwar Code

Ga aiwar Python don ƙididdige sawun carbon na AI:

class AICarbonCalculator:
    def __init__(self, hardware_efficiency=0.5):
        self.hardware_efficiency = hardware_efficiency
        
    def calculate_carbon_footprint(self, training_hours, power_consumption, carbon_intensity):
        """
        Ƙididdiga sawun carbon na horar da AI
        
        Args:
            training_hours: Jimlar lokacin horo cikin sa'o'i
            power_consumption: Cizon wutar lantarki a cikin kW
            carbon_intensity: gCO2/kWh na tushen makamashi
            
        Returns:
            Sawun carbon a cikin kgCO2
        """
        energy_consumed = training_hours * power_consumption
        adjusted_energy = energy_consumed / self.hardware_efficiency
        carbon_footprint = adjusted_energy * carbon_intensity / 1000  # Canzawa zuwa kg
        return carbon_footprint
    
    def optimize_for_sustainability(self, model_size, target_accuracy):
        """
        Ba da shawarwarin inganta samfurin don dorewa
        """
        strategies = []
        if model_size > 1e9:  # Ya fi 1B sigogi girma
            strategies.append("Yi la'akari da distillation samfurin")
            strategies.append("Aiwar lissafi mai ƙarfi")
            strategies.append("Yi amfani da gine-gine masu inganci kamar EfficientNet")
        return strategies

7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Tsarin tsarin da aka tsara zai iya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu fasahohi masu cinye makamashi mai yawa:

Blockchain da Cryptocurrencies: Hanyoyin yarjejeniya na tabbatar da aiki suna da manyan buƙatun makamashi daidai da wasu tsarin AI
Aikace-aikacen Metaverse: Gaskiyar haɗin gwiwa da duniyoyin dijital masu dorewa suna buƙatar albarkatun lissafi na ci gaba
Kwamfuta ta Quantum: Tsarin quantum masu tasowa zasu buƙaci ingantaccen ababen more rayuwa na sanyaya
Edge AI: Sarrafa AI da aka rarraba zai iya rage kayan aikin cibiyar bayanai ta tsakiya amma yana buƙatar kimanta tsawon rayuwa gaba ɗaya

Ya kamata ci gaban tsarin gaba ya haɗa da ma'auni na muhalli mai ƙarfi wanda ya dace da ci gaban fasaha yayin kiyaye manyan buƙatun dorewa.

8. Nassoshi

Hacker, P. (2023). Tsarin AI Mai Dorewa. Jami'ar Viadrina ta Turai.
Strubell, E., Ganesh, A., & McCallum, A. (2019). Makamashi da La'akari da Manufofi don Zurfin Koyo a cikin NLP. ACL.
Lacoste, A., Luccioni, A., Schmidt, V., & Dandres, T. (2019). Ƙididdiga Hayakin Carbon na Injin Koyo. Taron Bit na NeurIPS.
Hukumar Tarayyar Turai. (2021). Shawara don Dokar Artificial Intelligence.
GDPR (2016). Dokar Kare Bayanai ta Gabaɗaya. Tarayyar Turai.
Patterson, D., et al. (2021). Hayakin Carbon da Babban Horon Jijiya. arXiv:2104.10350.