Haɗin Hankalin Dan-Adam da Na'urar Hankali: Tsari da Aikace-aikace a Cikin Kwamfutar Zamantakewa

1. Gabatarwa

Kwamfutar zamantakewa ta fito a matsayin fanni mai muhimmanci wanda ya haɗa hanyoyin lissafi da kimiyyar zamantakewa. Haɓakar dandamali na kafofin watsa labarun ta haifar da manyan tarin bayanai waɗanda ke ba da dama da ba a taɓa ganin irinta ba don fahimtar halayen ɗan adam da yanayin al'umma. Duk da haka, hanyoyin hankalin wucin gadi na al'ada suna fuskantar manyan kalubale wajen magance sarkakiya, daɗaɗɗen fahimta, da yanayin sauyin al'amuran zamantakewa.

2. Bayanan Baya da Tushe

2.1 Juyin Halittar Kwamfutar Zamantakewa

An fara ƙirƙira kwamfutar zamantakewa ta hanyar Schuler a cikin 1994 a matsayin "aikace-aikacen kwamfuta tare da software a matsayin matsakaici ko maida hankali ga alaƙar zamantakewa." Ma'anoni na gaba sun faɗaɗa wannan ra'ayi, tare da Wang da sauransu sun bambanta tsakanin faɗaɗaɗɗen kwamfutar zamantakewa (ka'idojin lissafi don kimiyyar zamantakewa) da kunkuntar kwamfutar zamantakewa (lissafin ayyukan zamantakewa da tsarin).

2.2 Rukunan Ci Gaban Hankalin Wucin Gadi

Hankalin wucin gadi ya sha manyan rukunan ci gaba guda biyu: rukuni na farko (1956-1974) ya mai da hankali kan hanyoyin tushen ilimi, yayin da rukuni na biyu (1980s-1990s) ya gabatar da hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyi da algorithms na baya, wanda ya ƙare a cikin tsarin kamar AlphaGo.

3. Haɗin Hankalin Dan-Adam da Na'urar Hankali (H-AI)

3.1 Tsarin Ra'ayi na H-AI

Haɗin Hankalin Dan-Adam da Na'urar Hankali yana wakiltar tsari wanda ya haɗa iyawar fahimtar ɗan adam da tsarin hankalin wucin gadi, yana ƙirƙirar ingantaccen haɗin hankali wanda ya wuce iyakokin kowane ɓangaren daɗe.

3.2 Aiwarta ta Fasaha

Tsarin H-AI yana amfani da hanyoyin haɗin kai daban-daban ciki har da gine-ginen ɗan-adam-a-cikin-madauki, tarin hankalin taron jama'a, da tsarin koyo masu daidaitawa waɗanda ke ci gaba da haɗa ra'ayin ɗan adam.

4. Tsarin H-AI Mai Sassa Huɗu don Kwamfutar Zamantakewa

4.1 Sashen Abu

Sashen tushe wanda ya ƙunshi tushen bayanan zamantakewa ciki har da dandamali na kafofin watsa labarun, na'urorin IoT, da tsoffin bayanai. Wannan sashe yana kula da tattara bayanai, shirya su, da daidaita su.

4.2 Sashen Tushe

Sashen ababen more rayuwa wanda ke ba da albarkatun lissafi, tsarin ajiya, da ainihin algorithms na Hankalin Wucin Gadi. Wannan sashe yana goyan bayan sarrafa bayanan zamantakewa na tara da na ainihin lokaci.

4.3 Sashen Bincike

Sashen bincike na tsakiya wanda ke aiwatar da algorithms na H-AI waɗanda ke haɗa samfuran koyon na'ura tare da shigarwar hankalin ɗan adam ta hanyoyi kamar koyo mai aiki da injiniyan fasali mai jagorancin ɗan adam.

4.4 Sashen Aikace-aikace

Sashe na sama wanda ke isar da aikace-aikacen kwamfutar zamantakewa ciki har da binciken hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa, hako ra'ayi, sarrafa rikici, da tsarin kwaikwayon manufofi.

5. Aiwarta ta Fasaha

5.1 Tushen Lissafi

Tsarin H-AI yana amfani da samfuran lissafi da yawa don haɗin ɗan adam da Hankalin Wucin Gadi. Ana iya wakiltar aikin haɗin hankali kamar haka:

$C_I = \alpha H_I + \beta A_I + \gamma I_{HA}$

Inda $H_I$ ke wakiltar hankalin ɗan adam, $A_I$ ke wakiltar hankalin wucin gadi, $I_{HA}$ yana nuna lokacin hulɗa, kuma $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ sune ma'auni na nauyi waɗanda aka inganta ta hanyar koyo mai ƙarfi.

5.2 Sakamakon Gwaji

Ƙimar gwaji ta nuna manyan fa'idodin tsarin H-AI akan hanyoyin Hankalin Wucin Gadi kawai. A cikin ayyukan hasashen yanayin zamantakewa, tsarin H-AI ya sami daidaiton kashi 89.3% idan aka kwatanta da kashi 67.8% na tsarin Hankalin Wucin Gadi masu zaman kansu. An lura da ingantaccen aiki musamman a cikin yanayi masu sarkakiya da suka haɗa da ɗanɗanon al'adu da abubuwan zamantakewa masu tasowa.

Hoto na 1: Kwatancen aiki tsakanin tsarin Hankalin Wucin Gadi kawai da na H-AI a cikin ayyukan kwamfutar zamantakewa daban-daban yana nuna fifikon H-AI a kai a kai wajen sarrafa shubuha da sarkakiya.

5.3 Aiwar Lambar Tsari

class HybridAISystem:
    def __init__(self, ai_model, human_feedback_mechanism):
        self.ai_model = ai_model
        self.human_feedback = human_feedback_mechanism
        self.confidence_threshold = 0.7
    
    def predict(self, social_data):
        ai_prediction = self.ai_model.predict(social_data)
        confidence = self.ai_model.predict_proba(social_data).max()
        
        if confidence < self.confidence_threshold:
            human_input = self.human_feedback.get_input(social_data)
            return self.combine_predictions(ai_prediction, human_input)
        else:
            return ai_prediction
    
    def combine_predictions(self, ai_pred, human_pred):
        # Haɗin nauyi bisa ingantaccen tarihi
        ai_weight = self.calculate_ai_confidence()
        human_weight = 1 - ai_weight
        return ai_weight * ai_pred + human_weight * human_pred

6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hanyoyin Bincike

Aikace-aikacen H-AI na gaba a cikin kwamfutar zamantakewa sun haɗa da: tsarin amsa bala'i na ainihin lokaci, dandamalin ilimi na keɓance, kayan aikin tallafawa mulkin dimokuradiyya, da sarrafa rikicin lafiya na duniya. Manyan hanyoyin bincike suna mai da hankali kan inganta ingancin sadarwar ɗan adam da Hankalin Wucin Gadi, haɓaka tsarin ɗa'a don tsarin H-AI, da ƙirƙirar ma'auni na ƙima don aikin haɗin hankali.

7. Bincike na Asali

Haɗin hankalin ɗan adam da na wucin gadi a cikin kwamfutar zamantakewa yana wakiltar sauyin tsari wanda ke magance ainihin iyakokin tsarin Hankalin Wucin Gadi kawai. Yayin da Hankalin Wucin Gadi na al'ada ya yi fice a gano tsari a cikin bayanai masu tsari, matsalolin kwamfutar zamantakewa sau da yawa sun haɗa da bayanai marasa tsari, mahallin al'adu, da la'akari da ɗa'a waɗanda ke buƙatar hukuncin ɗan adam. Tsarin H-AI da aka gabatar yana nuna yadda za a iya aiwatar da wannan haɗin kai ta hanyar tsari mai sassa.

Wannan hanya ta yi daidai da ci gaban baya-bayan nan a cikin binciken Hankalin Wucin Gadi mai da hankali kan ɗan adam daga cibiyoyi kamar Cibiyar Hankalin Wucin Gadi Mai Da Hankali Kan Dan-Adam ta Stanford, wanda ke jaddada mahimmancin ƙirƙirar tsarin Hankalin Wucin Gadi waɗanda ke haɓaka maimakon maye gurbin iyawar ɗan adam. Tsarin lissafi na haɗin hankali a cikin tsarin H-AI yana kama da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin koyon na'ura, amma yana faɗaɗa su ta hanyar haɗa hankalin ɗan adam a matsayin wani ɓangare na bayyane maimakon samfuran algorithm da yawa kawai.

Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin Hankalin Wucin Gadi masu zaman kansu, H-AI yana nuna fa'idodi na musamman wajen sarrafa shari'o'in da ba a saba gani ba da kuma yanayin zamantakewa maras tabbas. Misali, a cikin binciken ra'ayi na post ɗin kafofin watsa labarun da ke ɗauke da ba'a ko nassoshi na al'adu, shigarwar ɗan adam tana ba da muhimmin fahimtar mahalli wanda samfuran NLP kawai sukan rasa. Wannan ya yi daidai da binciken daga Cibiyar Hankalin Wucin Gadi ta Allen, wanda ya rubuta iyakokin samfuran harshe na yanzu wajen fahimtar sadarwar zamantakewa mai ɗanɗano.

Sakamakon gwaji wanda ke nuna ingantaccen hasashe na kashi 42% don matsalolin zamantakewa masu sarkakiya yana nuna mahimmancin wannan hanya. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da ƙalubale wajen haɓaka shigar ɗan adam da kuma kiyaye daidaito a cikin ɓangarorin ɗan adam daban-daban. Aikin gaba zai iya samun kwarin gwiwa daga dandamalin kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa kamar Zooniverse, waɗanda suka haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyin tara gudunmawa daga ɓangarorin ɗan adam daban-daban.

Ta fuskar fasaha, tsarin H-AI zai iya amfana daga haɗa ci gaban koyo kaɗan da canja wurin koyo, kama da hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin samfura kamar GPT-3.5. Za a iya inganta haɗin ra'ayin ɗan adam ta amfani da dabarun daga koyo mai ƙarfi tare da ra'ayin ɗan adam (RLHF), wanda ya nuna nasara wajen daidaita samfuran harshe da dabi'un ɗan adam.

La'akari da ɗa'a game da tsarin H-AI sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman, musamman game da haɓaka nuna son kai da rikon amana. Tsarin zai amfana daga haɗa ka'idoji daga binciken Hankalin Wucin Gadi mai alhaki, kamar waɗanda aka zayyana a cikin Jagororin ɗa'a na EU don Hankalin Wucin Gadi Mai Amincewa. Gabaɗaya, H-AI yana wakiltar hanya mai ban sha'awa don kwamfutar zamantakewa wanda ke yarda da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar hankalin ɗan adam da na na'ura.

8. Nassoshi

1. Schuler, D. (1994). Kwamfutar Zamantakewa. Sadarwar ACM.
2. Wang, F.-Y., da sauransu. (2007). Kwamfutar Zamantakewa: Ra'ayoyi, Abubuwan Ciki, da Hanyoyi. Jaridar Duniya na Tsarin Hankali.
3. Dryer, D. C., da sauransu. (1999). Kwarewar Dan-Adam. Kwamfutar Pervasive na IEEE.
4. Zhu, J.-Y., da sauransu. (2017). Fassarar Hotuna-zuwa-Hotuna mara biyu ta amfani da Hanyoyin Sadarwa na Adawa na Zagaye. ICCV.
5. Cibiyar Stanford don Hankalin Wucin Gadi Mai Da Hankali Kan Dan-Adam. (2022). Yanayin AI a cikin 2022.
6. Hukumar Turai. (2019). Jagororin ɗa'a don Hankalin Wucin Gadi Mai Amincewa.
7. Cibiyar Hankalin Wucin Gadi ta Allen. (2021). Kalubale a cikin NLP na Zamantakewa.